Leadership :: essays research papers

are in an election year, and it is during such time candidates running for office love to discuss subjects that are in the public eye. The latest topic among candidates stumping for political office is the decline of the American family. Many candidates address different aspects of this issue, but few politicians offer real solutions. I believe it is not the role of the federal government to legislate solutions for the problem's families face within our country today. This responsibility belongs to individual men who should work to protect and strengthen their family. Steve Farrar’s book, Point Man, takes on the issue of male leadership and the importance it plays in the home. He tackles the issue from a Biblical perspective; offering insight from God’s word throughout his book. The author writes, â€Å"If hundreds of thousands of men seriously began to lead their own homes, the impact on America would be far greater than one Christian man leading in the White House.à ¢â‚¬  Steve Farrar takes a hard hitting approach from the very beginning the book by stressing the important role men play in the lives of their families. They are the â€Å"Point men," who must take up the lead and guide their families through the war zone; protecting them from the enemy. Farrar shows the casualty list is real by listing the most recent statistics for divorce, and teenage pregnancy. The emphasis in the second chapter deals with, â€Å"Saving the boys.† Today’s little boys will grow to be tomorrow’s leaders, and husbands. He identifies the importance of a man spending time with his children, by emphasizing the significance of physical and emotional support a child needs from a parent. The author quickly shifts from a mans relationship with his children to the one he shares with his wife. He writes about how commitment has become cheap in our society, and is only kept if it is convenient. Farrar contrasts this attitude with the Biblical truth of lifelong commitment. A â€Å"One-Woman Kind of Man,† remains faithful by always considering what his eyes see and mind thinks about. He deals directly with the seriousness of adultery, choosing not to tip-toe around the subject like society has chosen to do. While dealing with this topic the author provides valuable insights of how men can guard against the pitfall of this sin. The two key chapters of this book have to do with a mans personal relationship with God.

Ls module

By definition, security refers to ease and trust. C] People you can rely on & know what is expected in the future (or vice versa) 0 Have a better feeling of comfort and safety (or vice versa) e. G. More engagement In social / group activities 0 More trustworthy Friends; Family Relationship Secondly, another esteem builder Is Selfless. By definition, selfless means self-concept. D Acquire self-knowledge & a feeling of Individuality with accurate and realistic self-description C] e. G. Assistance to build up a better self- Image, Like exercise to build up a sharper boy shape; Explore uniqueness & talentsThirdly, another esteem builder is Affiliation. Affiliation refers to belonging & connectedness. D Feeling approved of, appreciated, and respected by others C] Sense of belongingness and acceptance, particularly in relationships that are considered important L e. G. Communication skills for making friendships 0 Sense of acceptance; Assistance to integrate into community Fourthly, anothe r esteem builder is Competence. Competence refers to Feeling of Success. C] Being aware of one's own strengths, being able to accept personal weakness 0 Have a sense of success and accomplishment D e. G.Assistance to find a suitable Job; Give positive comments & achievements; engagement In social & charitable activities Fifthly, last esteem builder is Mission. Mission refers to Purpose and Responsibility. D Set realistic and achievable goals and willing to take responsibility 0 Feeling of purpose and motivation in life 0 e. G. Assistance to set up achievable short term and long term goals 2. Measles Hierarchy of Needs proposed by Ram Moscow (Related to Module 5 Public Health) Hierarchy means arrangement of Items, so dissatisfaction of lower level hinders satisfaction of higher levels.So dissatisfaction of lower level needs hinders recognition & satisfaction of higher level needs. The farther up the hierarchy one goes, the more individuality, humanness and psychological health one ac hieve. Level E. G. Food, drink, oxygen, sex, sleep, exercise, homeostasis(stable internal environment), excretion Level two is the safety and security needs. It refers to needs for long-term survival and stability. E. G. Property, health, family, resources, employment, law and order, predictability, body, structure, stability, freedom from threatening forces such as illness, fear and chaosLevel three is the belongingness and love needs. It refers to affiliation and acceptance. E. G. Friendship, family, sexual intimacy, affectionate relations with others. Level Four is the Self-esteem needs. It refers to achievement and recognition. E. G. Desire for competence, confidence, achievement, independence, freedom, and respect from others, like desire for prestige, recognition, reputation, status, appreciation and acceptance. Level Five is the self-actualization. It refers to full development of one's potentials.E. G. Morality, creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts , problems- loving Elaboration: (More like the effects or impact of something) Issue 0 Physiological needs, the lowest level not satisfied 0 Principle of Hierarchy: Dissatisfaction of low level hinder satisfaction of higher level 0 Cannot reach higher level of needs, namely the 4 higher levels 0 Mention the highest level 0 Less individuality, humanness and psychological health [Commonly seen in Less Developed Countries, like Africa.

Biographical/Historical Influences Essay

Frankenstein, also known as ‘The Modern Prometheus’, is written by a British author Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin – Shelley during her teens. The novel’s theme is leavened with a few characteristics of Gothic and Romanticism. Based on â€Å"Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus† (Shelley), the title is alluded to an inventor, Victor Frankenstein, who has an ability to create life of a man whom he calls ‘monster’ afterwards. Moreover, the long arguments with regard to the significance and originality of the story always come along the way; thus, this paper unfolds the real essence of the story—what does it signify for the modern readers; and how do words of the story flow along with the connotations; its influences and so on. Given the list of influences and/or events from Mary Shelley’s life, it becomes quite easy to identify and distinguish how these impacts have prospered to the entire conception of the novel. One of the influences concern the arguments of his father, Godwin in Political Justice, in which he argues that decisions made concerning who lives and dies should be made by those scientists and doctors that are completely impartial. In addition, the impacts of Godwin’s pieces of writing in Shelley’s philosophical thoughts become undeniable, indeed. Her father created a certain philosophy in which the presence of responsibility is inevitable: â€Å"The true perfection of man was to attain, as nearly as possible, to the perfectly voluntary state; that we ought to be, upon all occasions, prepared to render a reason of our actions; and should remove ourselves to the furthest distance, from the state of mere inanimate machines, acted upon by causes of which they have no understanding,† (â€Å"Political Justice 2: 519-528,† Godwin). Hence, as an analysis of the entire view, it becomes quite easy to determine all the responsibilities, which are accountable for every individual’s behavior such as those of Frankenstein. One of the impacts that should also be acknowledged is that which concerns her father’s disapprobation of the rise of technology; stating that its existence would diminish the need for human beings to cooperate with each other—making it less and less necessary to work together. In other words, such a view concerns dealing with reliability on the information technology: â€Å"Responsibility in the contemporary world and with the awesome power of technology which may be used for good or evil has changed. We cannot evade the responsibility that comes with this change — the responsibility to use technology wisely, not only for the sake of our patients but also for the sake of the future. In a sense, we need to be able to foretell the future, to re-enunciate norms and standards as substitutes for the norms and standards left behind by technology. If we fail to do this, the future is bleak,† (Loewy). In other words, development of the high and sophisticated technologies may bring a number of troubles in various means, as seen in the Frankenstein’s work. Moreover, the creation of the novel also comes along with an influence concerning Mary Wollstonecraft (Shelley’s mother) who refers Frankenstein to Prometheus who attempts to give the power of the gods to humanity. In her novel, the appearance of the ‘monster’ is a scientific blame in which the creature dares to imitate God: â€Å"Nature in every thing demands respect, and those who violate her laws seldom violate them with impunity,† (â€Å"Vindication of the Rights of Woman,† Wollstonecraft). Hence, the laws of nature should make the boundaries of everyone’s behavior; Victor Frankenstein surpasses such boundaries like the new sophisticated technologies. Cited Works Loewy, Erich. â€Å"Textbook of Medical Ethics. † NY: Plenum Medical Book Company, 1989, p. 69 â€Å"Political Justice. † bilkent. edu. February 2, 2009. Shelley, Mary. â€Å"Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus. † Broadview Press Edition 2. Eds. David Lorne Macdonald and Kathleen Dorothy Scherf. Melbourne, Australia: The University of Melbourne, 1999. 364 pp Wollstonecraft, Mary. â€Å"Vindication of the Rights of Woman† pp 138-139. sa

responsibility for the knower Essays

Does making a knowledge claim carry any particular obligation/responsibility for the knower Essays Does making a knowledge claim carry any particular obligation/responsibility for the knower Paper Does making a knowledge claim carry any particular obligation/responsibility for the knower Paper Essay Topic: Claim Of Value Education Anybody who makes a knowledge claim must take responsibility for their claim, particularly if they are parents, teachers or a respected individual in society. Parents are largely responsible for early childhood learning, teachers are responsible for late childhood and adolescent learning, and leaders affect adult attitudes. In growing up, children are greatly influenced by their parents or guardian because they are the first people from what they gain knowledge from. Konrad Lorenzs study with young ducklings suggested a critical learning period in which knowledge is most readily obtained. Many types of knowledge are acquired during childhood, notably ethics and values, which will undoubtedly affect the childs perception and development in the future. Limited knowledge from other types of areas is also acquired during early childhood, and forms the roots of subsequent learning. If a teacher claims that subtraction is the same as addition, then all the students will undoubtedly experience difficulty in future studies. Therefore, any knowledge claim made to a child necessarily has a profound impact on their understanding of the world and those who make the claims must take responsibility. The majority of our learning takes place in educational institutions and our knowledge is acquired from teachers. Teachers are also highly respected and their knowledge claims are therefore highly influential. Though in certain subject areas, knowledge can be attained through logic and reason (such as mathematics), other subject areas can not. In history and biology, for example, the student depends on the teachers accountability. Students lack the incentive to verify every knowledge claim and will not question the teachers stance on the polarity of water or the Austrian heir to the throne. A teachers false claim will have serious consequences and teachers should therefore take responsibility for their claims. Education systems today rely heavily on language, as opposed to hands-on or visual demonstrations. Whorf and Sapirs theory of Linguistic Determinism states that knowledge is determined by language. For example, Navajos have precise words for different shape and consequently, they have a stronger sense of shape. Similarly, the diction of a teachers knowledge claim will have serious implications on the students learning. Austen uses their conversation to criticize Mariannes impulsiveness would have a very different impression on students as opposed to Austen hated impulsive people. Therefore, teachers must take responsibility for the diction of their knowledge claims. Learning is generally thought of as limited to educational institutions, but much learning takes place in adulthood as well. Esteemed individuals in society often have the power to influence the general public and any knowledge claims they make will be influential. In Europe, Hitlers numerous claims concerning Germanys superiority aroused millions to support him. The destruction and causality that his knowledge claims directly or indirectly caused in World War II are horrendous and indisputable. In China, Chairman Maos knowledge claims brainwashed millions of young Chinese to join the Red Army. Consequences of Maos knowledge claims during the Cultural Revolution are also apparent. Both Hitler and Mao were highly influential leaders who are responsible for their knowledge claims. Hence, leaders should take precaution in their knowledge claims and statements for they are responsible for their claims. Naturally, knowledge claims of leaders can be beneficial to vast populations, and leaders can treat their responsibility as an opportunity positively influence people rather than a burden. The consequences and implications of knowledge claims are indisputable, and therefore the people whom make knowledge claims should take responsibility for them. Since learning takes place throughout our lives, the people who teach us in all stages should take responsibility for their knowledge claims. Though parents, teachers, and respected individuals are heavily liable for their claims, they are not the only ones who must take the burden. Every person we interact with will influence us, and therefore, all knowledge claims must be taken responsibility for by the knower.

Free Essays on Libra

Libra â€Å"He was just riding to ride.†(3) In Don DeLillo’s Libra a story is told. A story of chance. A story of one-man whose life is like the train that’s he is on. He rides just to ride. Lee Harvey Oswald, the man who shoot and killed John F. Kennedy. DeLillo has created a fictitious story out of the events related to the assignation of John F. Kennedy. DeLillo creates an elaborate charter out of Lee Harvey Oswald in order to show a â€Å"truer† Oswald, not just a picture of a killer. Oswald’s life was one of uncertainty and indecision. He had no direction from within himself; he believed that a higher force was controlling his life. Was it an outside force that directed the story of his life, or just pure chance? Chance is a powerful thing and I believe that it played a huge part in Oswald’s life. Chance was the train and he was just riding to ride. Throughout the novel DeLillo tries to put us into the mind of Oswald. In the passage that starts on page 333 we see clearly through Oswald’s perspective, and what some would consider schizophrenia. DiLillo uses decontextualization to show how Oswald’s reality is based on chance. In one scene we see Oswald sitting on the floor of the Pain house with his Russian wife Marina watching Television. Oswald reminisces on all the major events that happened to him in the past and discovers that they all happened in October and November. His birthday, his enrolment in the Marines, his arrival in Russia, his attempted assignation on General Walker, among other things are all related through these two months. To Oswald this just couldn’t be chance. It has to have a deeper meaning. Another example is how Oswald ties his reality into John f. Kennedy’s life. â€Å"Brothers named Robert.†(371) This really meant something to Oswald; their brothers had the same name. He had a relation to the presiden! t. They had something in common, even though it is something so small and trivial, it ... Free Essays on Libra Free Essays on Libra Libra â€Å"He was just riding to ride.†(3) In Don DeLillo’s Libra a story is told. A story of chance. A story of one-man whose life is like the train that’s he is on. He rides just to ride. Lee Harvey Oswald, the man who shoot and killed John F. Kennedy. DeLillo has created a fictitious story out of the events related to the assignation of John F. Kennedy. DeLillo creates an elaborate charter out of Lee Harvey Oswald in order to show a â€Å"truer† Oswald, not just a picture of a killer. Oswald’s life was one of uncertainty and indecision. He had no direction from within himself; he believed that a higher force was controlling his life. Was it an outside force that directed the story of his life, or just pure chance? Chance is a powerful thing and I believe that it played a huge part in Oswald’s life. Chance was the train and he was just riding to ride. Throughout the novel DeLillo tries to put us into the mind of Oswald. In the passage that starts on page 333 we see clearly through Oswald’s perspective, and what some would consider schizophrenia. DiLillo uses decontextualization to show how Oswald’s reality is based on chance. In one scene we see Oswald sitting on the floor of the Pain house with his Russian wife Marina watching Television. Oswald reminisces on all the major events that happened to him in the past and discovers that they all happened in October and November. His birthday, his enrolment in the Marines, his arrival in Russia, his attempted assignation on General Walker, among other things are all related through these two months. To Oswald this just couldn’t be chance. It has to have a deeper meaning. Another example is how Oswald ties his reality into John f. Kennedy’s life. â€Å"Brothers named Robert.†(371) This really meant something to Oswald; their brothers had the same name. He had a relation to the presiden! t. They had something in common, even though it is something so small and trivial, it ...

A Comparison of Happiness and Power in Paradise Lost by John Milton and A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen

A Comparison of Happiness and Power in Paradise Lost by John Milton and A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen Happiness is a luxury only the powerful can afford. In light of this view compare representations of happiness and power in Paradise Lost and A Doll’s House. (30 marks) In both Paradise Lost and A Doll’s House, to say only those in power truly experience the luxury of happiness would be a somewhat reductive statement. Arguably, there are grounds to argue that Eve, as an embodiment of the weak woman in a patriarchal society, never receives the empowerment she desires, despite all efforts to strive for independence, knowledge and subsequently, happiness. Adam does, however, forgive her towards the end of the poem and their love becomes stronger, perhaps signifying a version of a happy ending. The title of the poem in the first place, however, ‘Paradise Lost’ suggests a loss of complete happiness and fulfilment and due to their own actions, Adam and Eve’s Utopia and Paradise is altered and corrupted. Like Eve, in A Doll’s House, Ibsen’s Nora symbolises the patriarchal stereotype of a supressed woman. Nora openly proclaims that she was never truly happy under the restrictions of her role as a housewife and a moth er, but as she leaves her family in search of herself she arguably becomes empowered. Despite the lack of resolution at the end we, the reader are given the impression that Nora will find, at least a happier life than the one by Torvald’s side. On the other hand, to say Nora’s abandonment of her family makes her powerful could be disputed considering the patriarchal context the play was written in. Nora perhaps does find happiness by leaving her family, but from a patriarchal point of view, for a woman to leave her ‘duties’ as a wife and a mother is a woman abandoning her purpose which, arguably, renders her weak and disempowered. Patriarchal and masculine power is a central theme to both texts which arguably leads to misery, not happiness as the repression of women causes their wives to ‘stray’ in seek of independence. Both men at some point lose the women that they love even if temporarily, thanks to their pride and desperation to hold onto patriarchal power. Arguably, Torvald plays up to this stereotype as the strong heroic protector wishing that ‘sometimes [†¦] some terrible danger might threaten [Nora] so [he] could offer [his] life [his] blood, everything for [her] sake.’ Nick Worrall argued that ‘his security depends on feeling superior,’; and as Torvald indulges in this patriarchal concept of a male hero, this statement rings true, portraying the idea that for a man to feel powerful, they must lure thus power and ‘superior[ity]’ over their wives. It appears, however, that Torvald’s words are false and empty as when faced with the opportuni ty to save his wife by providing the ‘miracle of miracles,’ it seems, he is unable to trade in his pride for the happiness of his marriage. Instead, he declares, ‘no man can be expected to sacrifice his honour, even for the person he loves.’ Arguably, Ibsen intended to use Torvald to represent the gender inequality in the time he was writing, and the importance of patriarchal male pride placed even above the importance of family and marital love. Perhaps by having Nora leave, Ibsen was trying to say that placing too much importance on being the stereotypical masculine figure and neglecting female rights would only lead to unhappiness. Arguably, this is seen where Torvald’s male pride leads to Nora’s realisation that he is not able to provide for her (haven’t you been happy here? / No; never. I used to think I was. But I haven’t ever been happy’) and consequently his misery as she abandons him in search of her freedom. Likewise, following Eve’s transgression (‘she plucked, she ate, earth felt the wound’) Adam is initially unable to put aside his masculine pride for the happiness of their relationship, and so despite maintaining power he does not seem to be presented as happy. This is made apparent when Adam’s address of Eve changes from ‘sole Eve’ to ‘ingrateful Eve’ as he blames and reprimands her: ‘bad woman.’ Like Torvald, Adam is unable to look past Eve’s transgression, which causes him to be bitter rather than happy as arguably, he is driven by his sexism and desire for power, and not his love. Weathers was of the opinion ‘that bitter antifeminism [†¦] accompanies young masculinity,’ a statement which seems to describe not only Adam’s behaviour, reflected by his twisted pet names but Torvald’s too as he also mocks Nora’s femininity with insulting remarks: ‘thoughtless woman.â⠂¬â„¢ In both texts, the male characters use the noun ‘woman’ to reprimand and mock their wife’s gender, arguably, to make themselves feel powerful and therefore happy. This attitude of male superiority was common in both contexts, but particularly in the 1600’s evidenced in Milton’s divorce tracts: ‘who can be ignorant that woman was created for man and not man for woman.’ Arguably, Milton’s views are expressed clearly through Paradise Lost as Eve is supressed and put back in her place, ‘safe and seemliest by her husband’s side’ and we are given the impression that had she listened to her husband, the fall would never have taken place: â€Å"Would thou hadst heartened to my words (Adam).† We see however, that this power, like with Torvald, does not bring happiness but anger and resentment and it is not until Adam is able to forgive his wife, and let go of his pride that he is able to pass the ‘tr ial of exceeding love’ and better their relationship. We see then that for both male characters in these texts, their desire for patriarchal power does not provide them with the luxury of happiness but pushes their wives away and makes them bitter and resentful. For Torvald, he is unable to rectify his relationship and is left at the end of the play miserable, and disempowered, but for Adam, despite the fall and his subsequent disempowerment, his relationship with Eve is reconstructed and we, the reader, is left with the impression that they are happy. On the other hand, the patriarchal stereotype categorises women as weak, yet in both texts, the female characters empower themselves by striving for independence, knowledge and happiness. Towards the end of A Doll’s house especially, we are given the impression that Nora will find happiness as she realises that she has ‘another duty which is equally sacred, a duty towards [herself].’ Jakovlievic argued that ‘Ibsen presents the image of a happy household infested with unhappy performatives’ but arguably, as the play draws to a close this image is shattered and the patriarchal pretences are revealed as Nora states: ‘you were never in love with me, you just thought it was fun to be in love with me.’ Nora’s realisation that her marriage is a faà §ade arguably leads to her decision to step away from her husband in search of independence, knowledge and the happiness those entail. It could be argued that Nora’s search for independ ence indicates Ibsen’s view as a humanist and as some have argued, a ‘proto feminist,’ who believed that it was not a ‘question of women’s rights’ but of ‘human rights.’It seems, however, that though Ibsen’s desire was for gender equality, Nora’s freedom would not have been genuinely possible in Ibsen’s contemporary society. Ibsen’s inspiration for Nora was a friend, Laura Keeler who when stepping out of the confining, patriarchal parameters, was punished by her husband and placed into a mental asylum. It seems then, that though we are given the impression of empowerment and happiness Nora’s journey is not a true representation of what was accessible for women in the 1800’s. Equally, Eve is repressed by the male figures in her society and expected to ‘study household good’ under the role of the 17th century ideal housewife. Like Ibsen’s, Milton’s ideology seems t o run through his text through the presentation of Eve as she is prohibited from gaining knowledge such power that comes with it. This seems to mirror Milton’s attitude towards women, who in his own life had forbidden his daughters from a full education. As a result, it seems that unlike Nora, Eve does not triumph in her search for independence but instead is laid with the consequences of the fall: pain in child birth, mortality and the gift to future generations of hereditary sin, ‘who might have lived and joyed immortal bliss.’ Despite these consequences, however, as book 9 commences one of Eve’s main arguments for ‘divid [ing their] labours’ is to escape the threat of the tempter, Satan (‘how are we happy, still in fear of harm.’) As Satan is the most penalised, admonished to hell, subject to the constant temptation of fruit that turns to ash, despite Eve’s inability to achieve independence, the removal and punishment of Satan does dissipate the perpetual fear of ‘the evil one’ and allow herself and Adam to live together in peace, harmony and happiness. Overall, we are given the impression that through a journey towards independence, Nora will find a sense of freedom and happiness in the future. Eve’s search for independence is not a source of empowerment as she is ladled with the consequences of the fall and forcibly placed back at her husband’s side, we do, however, get the impression that without power Eve is still able to find some peace and happiness, as the threat of Satan is no longer a genuine one and her relationship with Adam is reconciled. In conclusion, the men in these texts would have been expected by their contemporary audiences to wield masculine power as patriarchal figures. It seems however, that their desire to hold onto thus power restricts them from a happy life, as it drives their wives away in search of independence. Adam is able to reconcile with his wife and ultimately be happy again but arguably, Ibsen uses Torvald to suggest that those who are not willing to share their power will never be able to put aside their pride for the sake of love and happiness. The women in these texts demonstrate that independence and knowledge is a source of power and happiness, but where Nora is able to receive what appears to be a happy ending, Eve is put back in her place and ladled with the consequences of the fall. Eve, though completely disempowered does seem to find some sense of happiness, as she and Adam are able to reconcile their differences, and without the threat of Satan can live their lives in harmony.

Addiction in Pregnancy to Prescription Drugs Essay

Addiction in Pregnancy to Prescription Drugs - Essay Example Another form of abuse is taking the medicine while still using alcohol and other narcotic drugs. Moreover, abuse of the drugs can be in the form of taking medicine without consent of a medical profession in order to relieve pain. Availability of the drugs makes it easy for most people to access them. This paper illustrates some of the common issues related to addiction of prescription drugs among pregnant women. Introduction Most pregnant women expose themselves into the dangers of abusing of prescription drugs. This abuse tends to cause many health risks to both the mother and the infant. After taking the prescription drugs for sometime without following the regulations ordered by the provider, most of the pregnant women find themselves becoming addicts. Through biological research work, there is enough evidence that everything a pregnant woman eats or drinks have the potential of reaching to the infant. Moreover, the substance ingested may have various effects, either positive or n egative on the infant. Any drug that a pregnant woman may take eventually crosses and reaches the infant. This gives a clear indication that addiction to prescription drugs harms the unborn baby. Provide a brief overview regarding the substance. Prescription drugs are of many kinds depending on their nature of use. Some of the commonly types include Opiods. Most of the drugs under Opiods are prescribed to treat various discomforts that come up because of pain (Schmid et al., 2010). Another common abused one includes the CNS depressants. These types of drugs are commonly prescribed to a patient with aim of reducing anxiety. Moreover, patients with sleeping disorders may take these drugs to improve their sleeping patterns. Examples of these drugs include mephobarbital and pentobarbital (Hanson, Venturelli & Fleckenstein, 2011). The use of all of the above prescription drugs and many more others not mentioned tends to be risky to the unborn child when taken against the instructions. Wh at is the nursing care considerations associated with the use of the substance during pregnancy? If a pregnant woman is taking prescription drugs, she should inform her health care provider. This helps the medical professional to offer necessary medication at the right time. A woman ought to provide her history on the drugs abuse and state the type of drugs she has been using while in pregnancy or before. This will assist the nurse in providing the best advice about how to stop the addiction and live healthily for her benefit and that of the unborn child. Moreover, nursing care considers universal screening of the drugs as the option to determine how they may have affected the woman and the infant in order to provide the recommended medication (Cazacu, et al., 2011). Another consideration that nurses tend to make is checking the level at which the prescribed drugs may have affected the infant. In some cases, it is not advisable for an addicted woman to stop taking the drugs immediat ely. Stopping the drugs at once may lead to a higher chance of causing death to the infant. Therefore, it is advisable for the women to seek medical advice from medical professionals in order for the situation to be addressed carefully. Another nursing care consideration entails that the woman should be ready to undergo various laboratory check-ups in order to determine the level of the effects on both the woman and the infant. What are the nursing care considerations specifically during the second trimester related to this substance? Exposure to prescription drugs